Chemical, physical and thermal properties of ethanol (also called alcohol or ethyl alcohol). Phase diagram included.
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C 2 H 5 OH, It is a volatile liquid, flammable , colorless and with slight characteristic odor. It is produced by petrochemical processes or naturally by the fermentation of sugars by yeast.
Ethanol is most commonly consumed as a recreational drug popular. It is a psychoactive substance and is the main type of alcohol found in alcohol. It also has medical applications such as antiseptic and disinfectant. The compound is widely used as a chemical solvent, either for scientific chemical tests or in the synthesis of other organic compounds. Ethanol is also used as a source of clean burning fuel.
The ethanol phase diagram is shown below the table.
Chemical, physical and thermal properties of ethanol:
The values are given for liquid at 25 o C /77 o F / 298 k and 1 bara, if not another phase, temperature or pressure indicated.
| Property | Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit | |||
| Acidity (PKA 1 ) | 15,9 | ||||||||||
| Self -ignition temperature | 636 | K | 363 | °C | 685 | °F | |||||
| Boiling point | 351,39 | K | 78,2 | °C | 172,8 | °F | |||||
| Critical density | 5,91 | mol/dm 3 | 272 | kg/ M3 | 0,528 | SLESMA/FOOT 3 | 17,0 | lb/whate 3 | |||
| Critical pressure | 6,25 | MPA = mn/m2 | 62,5 | only | 61,7 | ATM | 906 | psia=lb f /in 2 | |||
| Critical temperature | 513,9 | K | 240,8 | °C | 465,4 | °F | |||||
| Critical volume | 169 | cm3 / mol | 0,00367 | M3 / kg | 1,89 | feet 3 /slug | 0,0588 | feet 3 /lb | |||
| Density (gas) to 0.08 bar | 3.15 | mol / M3 | 0,145 | kg/ M3 | 0,00028 | SLESMA/FOOT 3 | 0,0091 | lb/whate 3 | |||
| Density (liquid) | 17046 | mol / M3 | 785,3 | kg/ M3 | 1,524 | SLESMA/FOOT 3 | 49.02 | lb/whate 3 | |||
| Flammable (gas and liquid) | sim | ||||||||||
| Flash point | 286 | K | 13 | °C | 55 | °F | |||||
| Gas Constant (Individual) - R | 180,5 | J/kg K | 0,05013 | Wh/(kg K) | 1079 | [pés lbf/slug °R] | 33,54 | [pés lbf/lb°R] | |||
| GIBBS Free Energy (gas) | -168 | kJ/mol | -3647 | kJ/kg | -1568 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Specific heat capacity, CP (isobaric) (gas) | 74 | J/mol k | 1,60 | kJ/kg K | 0,383 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | |||||
| Specific heat capacity, CP (liquid) | 118 | J/mol k | 2,57 | kJ/kg K | 0,614 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | |||||
| Specific heat capacity, CV (isocoric) (gas) | 65 | J/mol k | 1,42 | kJ/kg K | 0,339 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | |||||
| Specific heat capacity, CV (liquid) | 100 | J/mol k | 2.18 | kJ/kg K | 0,520 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | |||||
| Combustion heat (enthalpy) (gas) | 1336,8 | kJ/mol | 29017 | kJ/kg | 12,5 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of training (gas) | -234 | kJ/mol | -5079 | kJ/kg | -2184 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) fusion to -173 ° f/-114 ° C | 4.9 | kJ/mol | 106 | kJ/kg | 45,73 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of evaporation | 42,32 | kJ/mol | 919 | kJ/kg | 394,94 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Ionization potential | 10,47 | eV | |||||||||
| log K OW (Octanol/water partition coefficient) | -0,31 | ||||||||||
| Melting point | 159,01 | K | -114,1 | °C | -173,5 | °F | |||||
| Molecular weight | 46.069 | g/mol | 0,10156 | lb/mol | |||||||
| Water solubility | 1000 | mg/ml | |||||||||
| Sound speed in the liquid | 1139 | EM | 3736 | pump/s | 2551 | Wed/h | |||||
| Sound speed in the gas, at 0.08 bar | 246 | EM | 807 | pump/s | 551 | Wed/h | |||||
| Specific gravity (gas) (air related) | 1,59 | ||||||||||
| Specific gravity (liquid) (relative to water) | 0,79 | ||||||||||
| Specific heat ratio (gas) - CP/CV | 1.13 | ||||||||||
| Specific heat ratio (liquid) - CP/CV | 1,18 | ||||||||||
| Specific volume (gas), at 0.08 bar | 0,318 | M3 / mol | 6,90 | M3 / kg | 3554 | feet 3 /slug | 110 | feet 3 /lb | |||
| Specific volume, (liquid) | 0,0000587 | M3 / mol | 0,00127 | M3 / kg | 0,656 | feet 3 /slug | 0,0204 | feet 3 /lb | |||
| Standard molar entropy, s ° (gas) | 283 | J/mol k | 6.14 | kJ/kg K | 1,47 | Btu/lb °F | |||||
| Standard molar entropy, S ° (liquid) | 160 | J/mol k | 3,47 | kJ/kg K | 0,83 | Btu/lb °F | |||||
| Surface tension | 21,97 | Dinas/CM | 0,02197 | N/m | |||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 0,167 | W/m K | 0,0965 | Btu/h ft °F | |||||||
| Triple point pressure | 4,3×10 -10 | MPa = MN/ M2 | 4,3×10 -9 | only | 4,24×10 -9 | ATM | 6,24×10 -8 | psia=lb f /in 2 | |||
| Triple point temperature | 150,00 | K | -123,15 | °C | -189,67 | °F | |||||
| Steam pressure (saturation) | 0,008 | MPa = MN/ M2 | 60,0 | mm Hg | 0,0790 | ATM | 1,16 | psi = lb f /in 2 | |||
| Viscosity, dynamic (absolute) | 1.074 | cP | 721,7 | [lb m /feet*10 -6 ] | 22.43 | [lbf s /feet 2 *10 -6 ] | |||||
| Viscosity, kinematics | 1,36 | cSt | 14,6 | [ft2/s*10 -6 ] |
Ethanol is a liquid under standard conditions. However, at low temperatures and/or very high pressures becomes a solid.
The phase diagram for ethanol shows the behavior of the phases with temperature and pressure changes. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the boiling point of ethanol with changes in pressure. It also shows saturation pressure with changes in temperature.
Source: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ethanol-ethyl-alcohol-properties-c2h6o-d_2027.html
