Chemical, physical and thermal properties of ethanol (also called alcohol or ethyl alcohol). Phase diagram included.
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C 2 H 5 OH, is a volatile liquid, flammable , colorless and with a slight characteristic odor. It is produced by petrochemical processes or naturally by fermentation of sugars by yeast.
Ethanol is most commonly consumed as a recreational drug popular . It is a psychoactive substance and is the main type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It also has medical applications as an antiseptic and disinfectant. The compound is widely used as a chemical solvent, either for scientific chemical testing or in the synthesis of other organic compounds. Ethanol is also used as a clean-burning fuel source.
The phase diagram of ethanol is shown below the table.
Chemical, physical and thermal properties of ethanol:
Values are given for net at 25 O C /77 O F/298 K and 1 bara if not other indicated phase, temperature or pressure.
| Property | Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit | |||
| acidity (pKa 1 ) | 15,9 | ||||||||||
| auto-ignition temperature | 636 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 363 | °C | 685 | °F | |||||
| Boiling point | 351,39 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 78,2 | °C | 172,8 | °F | |||||
| critical density | 5,91 | mol/dm 3 | 272 | kg/ m3 | 0,528 | slug/foot 3 | 17,0 | lb/ft 3 | |||
| Critical Pressure | 6,25 | MPa=MN/m2 | 62,5 | only | 61,7 | cash machine | 906 | psia=lb f /in 2 | |||
| Critical temperature | 513,9 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 240,8 | °C | 465,4 | °F | |||||
| Critical Volume | 169 | cm3 / mol | 0,00367 | m3 / kg | 1,89 | foot 3 /slug | 0,0588 | foot 3 /lb | |||
| Density (gas) at 0.08 bar | 3.15 | mol / m3 | 0,145 | kg/ m3 | 0,00028 | slug/foot 3 | 0,0091 | lb/ft 3 | |||
| Density (liquid) | 17046 | mol / m3 | 785,3 | kg/ m3 | 1,524 | slug/foot 3 | 49.02 | lb/ft 3 | |||
| Flammable (gas and liquid) | sim | ||||||||||
| Flash point | 286 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 13 | °C | 55 | °F | |||||
| Gas constant (individual) – R | 180,5 | J/kg K | 0,05013 | Wh/(kg K) | 1079 | [pés lbf/slug °R] | 33,54 | [pés lbf/lb°R] | |||
| Gibbs formation free energy (gas) | -168 | kJ/mol | -3647 | kJ/kg | -1568 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Specific heat capacity, Cp (isobaric) (gas) | 74 | J/mol K | 1,60 | kJ/kg K | 0,383 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | |||||
| Specific heat capacity, Cp (net) | 118 | J/mol K | 2,57 | kJ/kg K | 0,614 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | |||||
| Specific heat capacity, Cv (isochoric) (gas) | 65 | J/mol K | 1,42 | kJ/kg K | 0,339 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | |||||
| Specific heat capacity, Cv (net) | 100 | J/mol K | 2.18 | kJ/kg K | 0,520 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (gas) | 1336,8 | kJ/mol | 29017 | kJ/kg | 12,5 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of formation (gas) | -234 | kJ/mol | -5079 | kJ/kg | -2184 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of fusion at -173°F/-114°C | 4.9 | kJ/mol | 106 | kJ/kg | 45,73 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of evaporation | 42,32 | kJ/mol | 919 | kJ/kg | 394,94 | Btu/lb | |||||
| ionization potential | 10,47 | eV | |||||||||
| log K OW (Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient) | -0,31 | ||||||||||
| Fusion point | 159,01 | iso-15552-srie-ke | -114,1 | °C | -173,5 | °F | |||||
| Molecular weight | 46.069 | g/mol | 0,10156 | lb/mol | |||||||
| Solubility in water | 1000 | mg/ml | |||||||||
| Speed of sound in liquid | 1139 | EM | 3736 | pes/s | 2551 | wed/h | |||||
| Speed of sound in gas, at 0.08 bar | 246 | EM | 807 | pes/s | 551 | wed/h | |||||
| Specific Gravity (gas) (relative to air) | 1,59 | ||||||||||
| Specific Gravity (liquid) (relative to water) | 0,79 | ||||||||||
| Specific Heat Ratio (gas) - Cp/Cv | 1.13 | ||||||||||
| Specific Heat Ratio (liquid) - Cp/Cv | 1,18 | ||||||||||
| Specific volume (gas), at 0.08 bar | 0,318 | m3 / mol | 6,90 | m3 / kg | 3554 | foot 3 /slug | 110 | foot 3 /lb | |||
| Specific volume, (liquid) | 0,0000587 | m3 / mol | 0,00127 | m3 / kg | 0,656 | foot 3 /slug | 0,0204 | foot 3 /lb | |||
| Standard molar entropy, S° (gas) | 283 | J/mol K | 6.14 | kJ/kg K | 1,47 | Btu/lb °F | |||||
| Standard molar entropy, S° (net) | 160 | J/mol K | 3,47 | kJ/kg K | 0,83 | Btu/lb °F | |||||
| Superficial tension | 21,97 | dinas/cm | 0,02197 | N/m | |||||||
| thermal conductivity | 0,167 | W/m K | 0,0965 | Btu/h ft °F | |||||||
| triple point pressure | 4,3×10 -10 | MPa=MN/ m2 | 4,3×10 -9 | only | 4,24×10 -9 | cash machine | 6,24×10 -8 | psia=lb f /in 2 | |||
| triple point temperature | 150,00 | iso-15552-srie-ke | -123,15 | °C | -189,67 | °F | |||||
| Vapor pressure (saturation) | 0,008 | MPa=MN/ m2 | 60,0 | mm Hg | 0,0790 | cash machine | 1,16 | psi = lb f /in 2 | |||
| Viscosity, dynamics (absolute) | 1.074 | cP | 721,7 | [lb m /feet*10 -6 ] | 22.43 | [lbf s /foot 2 *10 -6 ] | |||||
| Kinematic viscosity | 1,36 | cSt | 14,6 | [ft2/s*10 -6 ] |
Ethanol is a liquid under standard conditions. However, at low temperatures and/or very high pressures it becomes a solid.
The phase diagram for ethanol shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature and pressure. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the boiling point of ethanol with changes in pressure. It also shows saturation pressure with changes in temperature.
Source: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ethanol-ethyl-alcohol-properties-C2H6O-d_2027.html
