Chemical, physical and thermal properties of benzene, also called benzol.
Benzene, C6H6, It is a clear, colorless to light yellow, flammable liquid with an aromatic, petroleum-like odor.
Benzene is less dense than Water and is slightly soluble in Water . That's why it floats on Water . Benzene vapor is heavier than air. Benzene causes acute damage to the central nervous system and chronic damage to the bone marrow and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as a pesticide.
Benzene is present in crude oils and is a product of petroleum refining processes. There are limitations on the benzene content of gasoline. In industry, benzene is used as a solvent, as a chemical intermediate, and is used in the synthesis of various chemicals.
The phase diagram of benzene is shown below the table.
Chemical, physical and thermal properties of benzene:
Values are given for net at 25 O C /77 O F/298 K and 1 bara if not another phase, temperature or pressure supplied.
|
Property |
Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit | Valor | Unit |
| auto-ignition temperature | 771 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 498 | °C | 928 | °F | ||
| Boiling point | 353,2 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 80,08 | °C | 176,1 | °F | ||
| critical density | 4,00 | mol/dm 3 | 312 | kg/ m3 | 0,606 | slug/foot 3 | 19,5 | lb/ft 3 |
| critical pressure | 4,89 | MPa=MN/m2 | 48,9 | bar | 48,3 | cash machine | 709 | psi = lbf/pol 2 |
| Critical temperature | 562,0 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 288,9 | °C | 551,9 | °F | ||
| critical volume | 250 | cm3 / mol | 0,00320 | m 3 /kg | 1,65 | foot 3 /slug | 0,0513 | foot 3 /lb |
| Density | 11185 | mol/m 3 | 873,7 | kg/ m3 | 1,695 | slug/foot 3 | 54,54 | lb/ft 3 |
| Flammable, gas and liquid | sim | |||||||
| Flash point | 262 | iso-15552-srie-ke | -11 | °C | 12 | °F | ||
| Gas constant , individual, R | 106,4 | J/kg K | 0,02957 | Wh/(kg K) | 636,5 | [pés lbf/slug °R] | 19,78 | [pés lbf/lb°R] |
| Gibbs formation free energy (gas) | 130 | kJ/mol | 1664 | kJ/kg | 716 | Btu/lb | ||
| Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (liquid) | -3267,6 | kJ/mol | -41832 | kJ/kg | -18,0 | Btu/lb | ||
| Heat (enthalpy) of formation (gas) | 82,9 | kJ/mol | 1061 | kJ/kg | 456 | Btu/lb | ||
| Heat (enthalpy) of formation (liquid) | 49 | kJ/mol | 627 | kJ/kg | 270 | Btu/lb | ||
| Heat (enthalpy) of fusion at 42°F/5.85°C | 9,9 | kJ/mol | 127 | kJ/kg | 54,49 | Btu/lb | ||
| Heat (enthalpy) of sublimation, at 42°F/5.85°C | 45 | kJ/mol | 576 | kJ/kg | 248 | Btu/lb | ||
| Heat (enthalpy) of evaporation | 33,8 | kJ/mol | 433 | kJ/kg | 186 | Btu/lb | ||
| Specific heat capacity, Cp (gas) | 82,4 | J/mol K | 1,05 | kJ/kg K | 0,252 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | ||
| Specific heat capacity, Cp (net) | 133 | J/mol K | 1,70 | kJ/kg K | 0,407 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | ||
| Specific heat capacity, Cp (solid) at 32°F/0°C | 118 | J/mol K | 1,51 | kJ/kg K | 0,361 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | ||
| Specific heat capacity, Cv (net) | 92,8 | J/mol K | 1.19 | kJ/kg K | 0,284 | Btu/lb°F ou cal/g K | ||
| ionization potential | 9,24 | eV | ||||||
| log KOW (Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient) | 2.13 | |||||||
| Fusion point | 278.708 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 5.6 | °C | 42,0 | °F | ||
| Molecular weight | 78.112 | g/mol | 0,17221 | lb/mol | ||||
| Solubility in water at 25°C | 1,79 | mg/ml | ||||||
| Speed of sound | 1330 | EM | 4362 | pes/s | 2979 | wed/h | ||
| Specific Gravity (gas) (relative to air) | 2,77 | |||||||
| Specific Gravity (liquid) (relative to water) | 0,88 | |||||||
| Specific Heat Ratio (net) - CP/CV | 1,43 | |||||||
| specific volume | 0,0000894 | m3 / mol | 0,00114 | m 3 /kg | 0,590 | foot 3 /slug | 0,0183 | foot 3 /lb |
| Standard molar entropy, S° (gas) | 269 | J/mol K | 3,44 | kJ/kg K | 0,82 | Btu/lb °F | ||
| Standard molar entropy, S° (net) | 173 | J/mol K | 2.21 | kJ/kg K | 0,53 | Btu/lb °F | ||
| Standard molar entropy, S° (solid), at 1 bara | 45,56 | J/mol K | 0,58 | kJ/kg K | 0,14 | Btu/lb °F | ||
| Superficial tension | 28.2 | dinas/cm | 0,02822 | N/m | ||||
| thermal conductivity | 0,143 | A/m°C | 0,0826 | Btu/h ft °F | ||||
| triple point pressure | 4.80E-03 | MPa=MN/ m2 | 4.80E-02 | bar | 4.74E-02 | cash machine | 6.96E-01 | psi=lbf / in 2 |
| triple point temperature | 278,7 | iso-15552-srie-ke | 5.6 | °C | 41,99 | °F | ||
| Vapor pressure (saturation) | 0,0128 | MPa=MN/ m2 | 96 | mm Hg | 0,126 | cash machine | 1,86 | psi=lbf / in 2 |
| Viscosity, dynamics (absolute) | 0,6040 | cP | 405,9 | [lb m /feet*10 -6 ] | 12.61 | [lbf s /foot 2 *10 -6 ] | ||
| Kinematic viscosity | 0,691 | cSt | 7.4 | [foot 2 /s*10 -6 ] |
benzene is a liquid under standard conditions. However, if heated, it becomes a gas, and when cooled, it becomes solid. The phase diagram for benzene shows the behavior of the phases with changes in temperature and pressure. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the boiling point of benzene with changes in pressure. It also shows saturation pressure with changes in temperature.
No critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or heat is added.
THE triple stitch of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Source: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/benzene-benzol-properties-d_2053.html
